With the introduction of assisted driving systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technology, the concept of a car has changed. It is no longer just a means of transportation, but a multi-functional carrier that includes multimedia, communication, and office functions. In the future, cars may even be part of a home office and living room extension.

The integration of electrical and electronic systems in a vehicle increasingly creates electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues that must be addressed in system design and use. EMC issues must be taken care of to ensure proper functioning of the devices, system stability, and reliability. Electromagnetic shielding is one of the essential techniques used to solve EMC problems.

The main purpose of electromagnetic shielding is to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and prevent electromagnetic compatibility problems. However, in practice, it is difficult to achieve both simultaneously with shielding materials. Practical applications often rely on selecting materials with good conductivity and magnetic properties to isolate the shielded area from the outside environment.

The electromagnetic materials used in automotive applications are mainly conductive fabrics, EMI shielding fabrics, thermal management materials, metal shielding components (shielding panels, spring steel strips, mesh fabrics), EMI shielding tapes, and so on. In the automotive field, EMI shielding materials are used in various applications such as electronic control units (ECUs), radars, sensors, and batteries. They have higher shielding effectiveness, lighter weight, and better structural control compared to other materials.

The materials with good conductivity and magnetic properties are chosen based on the frequency of the EMI/EMC interference. For low-frequency electromagnetic interference, the main shielding mechanism is reflection, and shielding materials with high conductivity should be chosen. For high-frequency electromagnetic interference, the main shielding mechanism is absorption, and shielding materials with high magnetic properties should be chosen.